Angels Demons Chapter 93-97

93 Langdon had no clue about where he was going. Reflex was his solitary compass, pushing him away from threat. His elbows and knees consumed as he climbed underneath the seats. Still he tore on. Some place a voice was instructing him to move left. On the off chance that you can get to the primary path, you can run for the exit. He knew it was unimaginable. There's a mass of flares obstructing the fundamental passageway! His psyche chasing for choices, Langdon mixed indiscriminately on. The strides shut quicker now on his right side. At the point when it occurred, Langdon was ill-equipped. He had speculated he had another ten feet of seats until he arrived at the front of the congregation. He had speculated wrong. Abruptly, the spread above him ran out. He solidified for a moment, half uncovered at the front of the congregation. Ascending in the break to one side, immense from this vantage point, was the very thing that had brought him here. He had completely overlooked. Bernini's Ecstasy of St. Teresa ascended like a type of explicit still life†¦ the holy person on her back, angled in joy, mouth open in a groan, and over her, a blessed messenger pointing his lance of fire. A projectile detonated in the seat over Langdon's head. He felt his body rise like a runner out of a door. Energized distinctly by adrenaline, and scarcely aware of his activities, he was unexpectedly running, slouched, head down, beating over the front of the congregation on his right side. As the shots ejected behind him, Langdon dove once more, sliding crazy over the marble floor before smashing in a store against the railing of a specialty on the right-hand divider. It was then that he saw her. A folded stack close the rear of the congregation. Vittoria! Her exposed legs were bent underneath her, yet Langdon detected in some way or another that she was relaxing. He had no an ideal opportunity to support her. Quickly, the executioner adjusted the seats on the most distant left of the congregation and bore tirelessly down. Langdon knew instantly it was finished. The executioner raised the weapon, and Langdon did the main thing he could do. He turned his body over the balustrade into the specialty. As he hit the floor on the opposite side, the marble segments of the balustrade detonated in a tempest of projectiles. Langdon felt like a cornered creature as he mixed further into the half circle specialty. Ascending before him, the specialty's sole substance appeared to be incidentally pertinent †a solitary stone casket. Mine maybe, Langdon thought. Indeed, even the coffin itself appeared to be fitting. It was a sctola †a little, unadorned, marble box. Internment on a careful spending plan. The coffin was raised off the floor on two marble squares, and Langdon looked at the opening underneath it, thinking about whether he could slide through. Strides resounded behind him. With not a single other choice to be seen, Langdon squeezed himself to the floor and crawled toward the coffin. Getting the two marble bolsters, one with each hand, he pulled like a breaststroker, hauling his middle into the opening underneath the burial place. The firearm went off. Going with the thunder of the weapon, Langdon felt a sensation he had never felt in his life†¦ a shot cruising past his substance. There was a murmur of wind, similar to the reaction of a whip, as the shot simply missed him and detonated in the marble with a puff of residue. Blood flooding, Langdon hurled his body the remainder of the route underneath the coffin. Scrambling over the marble floor, he hauled himself out from underneath the coffin and to the opposite side. Impasse. Langdon was currently vis-à-vis with the back mass of the specialty. He had most likely that this minuscule space behind the burial chamber would turn into his grave. Furthermore, soon, he understood, as he saw the barrel of the weapon show up in the opening underneath the stone coffin. The Hassassin held the weapon corresponding with the floor, pointing legitimately at Langdon's midriff. Difficult to miss. Langdon felt a hint of self-safeguarding grasp his oblivious psyche. He wound his body onto his stomach, corresponding with the coffin. Facedown, he planted his hands level on the floor, the glass cut from the documents squeezing open with a wound. Disregarding the agony, he pushed. Driving his body upward in a cumbersome push-up, Langdon curved his stomach off the floor similarly as the firearm went off. He could feel the stun wave of the shots as they cruised underneath him and pounded the permeable travertine behind. Shutting his eyes and stressing against depletion, Langdon appealed to God for the roar to stop. And afterward it did. The thunder of gunfire was supplanted with the virus snap of an unfilled chamber. Langdon opened his eyes gradually, practically frightful his eyelids would make a sound. Battling the trembling agony, he held his position, angled like a feline. He didn't set out relax. His eardrums desensitized by gunfire, Langdon tuned in for any trace of the executioner's takeoff. Quiet. He thought of Vittoria and longed to support her. The sound that followed was stunning. Scarcely human. A throaty howl of effort. The stone coffin over Langdon's head out of nowhere appeared to ascend on its side. Langdon fallen on the floor as many pounds wavered toward him. Gravity conquered grinding, and the cover was the first to go, sliding off the burial place and colliding with the floor next to him. The coffin came straightaway, moving off its backings and toppling topsy turvy toward Langdon. As the case moved, Langdon realized he would either be buried in the empty underneath it or squashed by one of the edges. Testing in his sanity and head, Langdon compacted his body and yanked his arms to his sides. At that point he shut his eyes and anticipated the nauseating smash. At the point when it came, the whole floor shook underneath him. The upper edge landed just millimeters from the highest point of his head, shaking his teeth in their attachments. His correct arm, which Langdon had been sure would be squashed, wonderfully still felt flawless. He made him fully aware of see a pole of light. The correct edge of the coffin had not fallen right to the floor was still propped in part on its backings. Legitimately overhead, however, Langdon wound up gazing actually into the substance of death. The first inhabitant of the burial chamber was suspended above him, having followed, as rotting bodies frequently did, to the base of the coffin. The skeleton drifted a second, similar to a conditional sweetheart, and afterward with a clingy popping, it surrendered to gravity and stripped away. The body surged down to grasp him, coming down rotten bones and residue at Langdon and mouth. Before Langdon could respond, a visually impaired arm was crawling through the opening underneath the coffin, filtering through the body like a ravenous python. It grabbed until it discovered Langdon's neck and braced down. Langdon attempted to retaliate against the iron clench hand presently squashing his larynx, yet he discovered his left sleeve squeezed underneath the edge of the casket. He had just one arm free, and the face was a losing conflict. Langdon's legs twisted in the main open space he had, his feet looking for the coffin floor above him. He discovered it. Winding, he planted his feet. At that point, as the hand around his neck pressed more tight, Langdon shut his eyes and expanded his legs like a slam. The coffin moved, somewhat, yet enough. With a crude pounding, the stone coffin slid off the backings and arrived on the floor. The coffin edge slammed onto the executioner's arm, and there was a stifled shout of agony. The hand discharged Langdon's neck, bending and jolting endlessly into the dull. At the point when the executioner at long last pulled his arm free, the coffin fell with an indisputable crash against the level marble floor. Complete dimness. Once more. What's more, quiet. There was no baffled beating outside the toppled stone coffin. No inquisitive to get in. Nothing. As Langdon lay in obscurity in the midst of a heap of bones, he battled the end haziness and turned his considerations to her. Vittoria. Is it accurate to say that you are alive? On the off chance that Langdon had known reality †the frightfulness to which Vittoria would before long conscious †he would have wanted for the wellbeing of she that she were dead. 94 Sitting in the Sistine Chapel among his staggered associates, Cardinal Mortati attempted to grasp the words he was hearing. Prior to him, lit uniquely by the candlelight, the camerlegno had quite recently told a story of such contempt and bad form that Mortati wound up trembling. The camerlegno talked about captured cardinals, marked cardinals, killed cardinals. He talked about the old Illuminati †a name that dug up overlooked feelings of trepidation †and of their resurgence and pledge of retribution against the congregation. With torment in his voice, the camerlegno talked about his late Pope†¦ the casualty of an Illuminati harming. Lastly, his words right around a murmur, he discussed a dangerous new innovation, antimatter, which in under two hours took steps to annihilate all of Vatican City. At the point when he was through, maybe Satan himself had sucked the air from the room. No one could move. The camerlegno's words hung in the haziness. The main sound Mortati could now hear was the strange murmur of a TV camera in back †an electronic nearness no gathering in history had ever suffered †yet a nearness requested by the camerlegno. To the articulate amazement of the cardinals, the camerlegno had entered the Sistine Chapel with two BBC journalists †a man and a lady †and reported that they would transmit his grave explanation, live to the world. Presently, talking legitimately to the camera, the camerlegno ventured forward. â€Å"To the Illuminati,† he stated, his voice developing, â€Å"and to those of science, let me state this.† He stopped. â€Å"You have won the war.† The quiet spread now to the most profound corners of the house of prayer. Mortati could hear the frantic pounding of his own heart. â€Å"The wheels have been moving for a long time,† the camerlegno said. â€Å"Your triumph has been inescapable. At no other time has it been as evident for what it's worth right now. Science is the new God.† What is he saying? Mortati thought. Has he gone frantic? The whole world is hearing this! â€Å"Medicine, electronic interchanges, space travel, hereditary manipulation†¦ these are the wonders about which we presently tell our kids. These

Essay Topics For the Florida Bar Exam

Essay Topics For the Florida Bar ExamFLORIDA bar exam essays are a crucial part of the examination process, and if you want to ace this test and become a Florida lawyer then you need to know the four Florida bar exam essay topics. Essays are used as practice tests, and they are designed to help prepare you for the actual examination. With all of the possible topics you might find it difficult to choose the one that you should focus on, and you will definitely be able to pick the topics based on your strengths and weaknesses.The Florida bar exam is not intended to give you a grade that will make you money, rather, it's meant to help you become a legal professional and provide a helping hand in preparing for the legal career you will ultimately be pursuing. So, to really get prepared for the test and to ace it, you will need to be knowledgeable about the topics that will be presented to you on the Florida bar exam.One of the first essay topics you'll be asked to write about is this: 'W hat you are most proud of about yourself'. This is a very good topic because it will give you the opportunity to speak about something that is not related to your personal life. You should be honest about your successes and your weaknesses, and you should be comfortable enough writing about your success and your failure, which will make it easier for you to express yourself.The next topic, you should expect to be asked is this: 'What problem do you wish you could solve but are not able to?'. You should focus on problems that you are currently facing, problems that need solving and problems that have been bothering you for quite some time. You should also be able to write about things that will change your life, as you are either facing a problem that can be solved easily or you are facing a problem that has yet to be solved at all. It will be easier for you to describe these problems and to write about them when you are confident and you have no doubts that they can be solved.Anothe r topic that you should consider is this: 'What qualities of yours have you learned from other people's life'. It's important to write about qualities that you learned from other people, such as people in business or the professions, celebrities, your parents, or even your friends. You should be honest about the qualities that you learned, and it will be easier for you to write about them if you wrote about them during a speech or before a class.The third topic, you should think about is this: 'What foreign language you would like to learn'. You should be able to write about two or three languages that you are interested in, and you should choose a language that you feel most comfortable with. You should also try to find a language in which you can speak fluently. It will be very easy for you to express yourself on this topic if you do speak the second language fluently, and it will be helpful for you to remember this as you write your essay.Last but not least, you should be able to write about this: 'If you had to be put into a lineup, who would you rather be with: Donald Trump or John McCain?' You should be able to write about both of them, and you should be able to choose between the two.By considering these Florida bar exam essay topics you will be able to think about each question that will be asked during the examination, and you will be able to answer them thoughtfully and clearly. It will also help you focus on your topics, and this will help you to ace the Florida bar exam.

Statistics and Business Research Methods Observations and Models

Question: Talk about the Statistics and Business Research Methods for Observations and Models. Answer: Presentation A dangerous atmospheric devation had been a serious issue in todays world. An unnatural weather change is viewed as the ascent in the normal temperature of earth because of different reasons. It was seen that there was a normal ascent in the temperature of Australian subcontinent in the ongoing past (Vardoulakis et al. 2014). This an Earth-wide temperature boost had influenced the biological system including people. In this task, an examination about the an unnatural weather change of Australia and its impact on the soundness of the Australians would be considered. The techniques for assortment of information for this reason and the factual strategies utilized for the examination of the information would likewise be given in this task. Issue proclamation The issue proclamation of this exploration is to discover the impact on the strength of the Australians because of a worldwide temperature alteration. Writing audit An Earth-wide temperature boost is viewed as a serious danger to the world. As indicated by the perspective of Finlayson et al. (2013), it was seen that an Earth-wide temperature boost had influenced nature, economy and networks f the mainland. It was additionally observed that there was an adjustment in the atmosphere of nation because of the an unnatural weather change. Australia is water bound nation and have an assorted variety of atmosphere. A worldwide temperature alteration had brought about ascent in the temperature of both land and ocean. This had additionally brought about ascent in ocean level, which is a serious danger to the water bound landmass. According to the perspective of Dai (2013), it was seen that a worldwide temperature alteration influences the farming segment of Australia. It is seen that there is a broad impact of an Earth-wide temperature boost on the precipitation and different parts of nature in Australia. It is seen that there has been a change for precipitation in Australia over the previous years. There is an expansion in timberland fires in Australia, which has brought about loss of territory of different creatures. It had come about into lopsidedness in biological system of the nation. There had been spread of the Australian desert because of an unnatural weather change (Vardoulakis et al. 2014). Extraordinary Barrier Reef is a significant vacation destination of Australia and is viewed as one of the marvels of the world. As per the perspective of Bird et al. (2014), it was seen that Great Barrier Reef and other delicate environment had been influenced to a great extent because of the a worldwide temperature alteration. A dangerous atmospheric devation had been viewed as a quiet executioner and there had been different effects of outrageous warms. It is likewise observed that a dangerous atmospheric devation had prompted corruption of ozone layers. Ozone openings had prompted different sicknesses and changes in the eco framework (Vardoulakis et al. 2014). Warmth waves had expanded the passings since 1890 and had caused shrubbery fires, twisters, quakes and serious floods. Australia had been having higher number of hot days and heatwaves have gotten longer and more sizzling (Parmesan et al. 2013). There is an expansion in death rate throughout the mid year. Extraordinary warmth had expanded the danger of ailment particularly for the kids, old individuals, and the handicapped and open air laborers. In any case, the kinds of sicknesses looked by the Australians because of a dangerous atmospheric devation were not expressed plainly. In this exploration, the sorts of infection looked by the Australians because of a dangerous atmospheric devation and change in biological system will be contemplated. System Information assortment Essential information would be gathered with the end goal of this exploration. Thirty haphazardly picked Australians would be chosen for the examination across various conditions of Australia. These picked tests would be gotten some information about the sorts of maladies they are looking because of a dangerous atmospheric devation. They would likewise be gotten some information about the progressions they had seen in the in the biological system throughout the years, the recurrence of the characteristic cataclysms in the course of the most recent 25 years and the sicknesses they had looked in the course of the most recent 25 years. Techniques for survey would be utilized for this reason. Close finished inquiries would be posed to the respondents whose age would be over 30 years. Information examination The gathered information would be broke down utilizing the strategies for graphic measurements, techniques for recurrence, strategies for scattering, connection and relapse. These examination strategies would give a thought regarding the kinds of ailments that had happened because of a worldwide temperature alteration and the adjustment in the eco framework. Moral contemplations The respondents ought not be compelled to give reactions of the review. Their assent must be taken before distributing or utilizing their reactions in the examination. The analyst must educate the respondents regarding the reason for the examination and they ought not alter the reactions of the respondents. Anticipated result It is normal that characteristic cataclysms like floods, twisters, woodland flames and quakes are the significant catastrophic event that is looked by the Australians. Sicknesses identified with skin, heart and kidney are relied upon to win among the vast majority of the Australians because of a dangerous atmospheric devation. Skin ailments like skin disease are relied upon to ascend throughout the years. The adjustment in the biological system is required to change the nourishment propensities and way of life of different Australians. This is relied upon to influence the soundness of the Australians to a great extent. In this manner, it was seen that the impact of a worldwide temperature alteration is serious for Australia. Different regular cataclysms had been occurring throughout the years and this had influenced the environment of Australia. The strength of the Australians is relied upon to break down quickly because of the a worldwide temperature alteration and it is normal that the Australians would confront a few maladies because of an unnatural weather change. References Feathered creature, D.K., Haynes, K., van sanctum Honert, R., McAneney, J. what's more, Poortinga, W., 2014. Atomic force in Australia: A relative investigation of general feeling with respect to environmental change and the Fukushima disaster.Energy Policy,65, pp.644-653. Dai, A., 2013. Expanding dry spell under a dangerous atmospheric devation in perceptions and models.Nature Climate Change,3(1), pp.52-58. Finlayson, C.M., Davis, J.A., Gell, P.A., Kingsford, R.T. also, Parton, K.A., 2013. The status of wetlands and the anticipated impacts of worldwide environmental change: the circumstance in Australia.Aquatic Sciences,75(1), pp.73-93. Parmesan, C., Burrows, M.T., Duarte, C.M., Poloczanska, E.S., Richardson, A.J., Schoeman, D.S. also, Singer, M.C., 2013. Past environmental change attribution in preservation and biological research.Ecology letters,16(s1), pp.58-71. Vardoulakis, S., Dear, K., Hajat, S., Heaviside, C., Eggen, B. what's more, McMichael, A.J., 2014. Similar appraisal of the impacts of environmental change on warmth and cold-related mortality in the United Kingdom and Australia.Environmental Health Perspectives (Online),122(12), p.1285.

Kant and Gay Marriage Essays - 859 Words

Background All decisions we make are guided by an influenced belief or a maxim. A maxim is an individual rule that we use in our negotiations to steer our conduct. Maxims contain our principles and intentions; they point toward our general character. A solid and well intentioned maxim is universalizable. The precise significance of universalizability is contentious, but the most widespread interpretation is that the categorical imperative asks whether the maxim of your action could become one that everyone could act upon in similar circumstances. An irrational maxim is self-defeating, as it cannot be consistently willed with its intended goal; in other words, it cannot provide a rational guide for human action since it cannot in†¦show more content†¦Although this is not really true but could still be argued that as long as everyone had the right to be a homosexual the laws of Universalisation would stand to be true. Universalisation says that we should apply homosexuality as a maxim and apply it to everyone; however this would lead to a problem, as the continuation of the species would not occur. Of course, marriage does nothing to ensure people will in fact have children. We could however adjust this maxim for sexuality, however, this may be moving away from the absolutist nature of Kant’s categorical imperative. He also states that marriage is the only place in which sex may take place. However, were gay marriage to become legal Kant may approve. â€Å"Kant, renown for his 1781 work Critique of Pure Reason, has been criticized for being rigid and overly rational in his moral thinking, but others believe those aspects of his work are over played (Brunfield, 2011)†. Brunfield goes on to say My interpretation focuses on his attempts to view moral thinking as something thats not religious, she said. 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What Was the Necessary and Proper Clause

The Necessary and Proper Clause, formally drafted as Clause 18 of Article 1 of the U.S. Constitution and also known as the elastic clause, is one of the most powerful and important clauses in the Constitution. Clauses 1–17 of Article 1 enumerate all of the powers that the government has over the legislation of the country. Clause 18 gives Congress the ability to create structures organizing the government, and to write new legislation to support the explicit powers enumerated in Clauses 1–17. Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 allows the Government of the United States to: make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this constitution. The definitions of necessary, proper, and carrying into execution have all been debated since the words were written during the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787. There is a strong possibility that it was kept purposefully vague. Necessary and Proper Clause The Necessary and Proper clause of the U.S. Constitution provides Congress the power to fulfill its legal powers.  Also known as the elastic clause, it was written into the Constitution in 1787.The first Supreme Court case against the clause was in 1819 when Maryland objected to Alexander Hamiltons formation of a National Bank.The Necessary and Proper clause has been used in cases about many things, including challenges about Obamacare, legalizing marijuana, and collective bargaining. Purpose of the Elastic Clause In general, the main purpose of this elastic clause, also known as the sweeping or general clause, is to give Congress the flexibility to get the other 17 enumerated powers achieved. Congress is limited in its power over the American people to only those powers specifically written into the Constitution, such as determine who can be a citizen, collect taxes, establish post offices, and set up a judiciary. The existence of that list of powers implies that Congress can make laws necessary to ensure that those powers can be carried out. Clause 18 makes that explicit. For example, the government could not collect taxes, which power is enumerated as Clause 1 in Article 1, Section 8, without passing a law to create a tax-collecting agency, which is not enumerated.  Clause 18 has been used for all sorts of federal actions including requiring integration in the states—for instance, whether a National Bank can be created (implied in Clause 2), to Obamacare and the ability of states to legalize the growing and distribution of marijuana (both Clause 3). In addition, the elastic clause allows the Congress to create the hierarchical structure to enact the other 17 clauses: to build a lower court (Clause 9), to set up an organized militia (Clause 15), and to organize a post office distribution method (Clause 7). The Powers of Congress According to Article 1, section 8, of the Constitution, Congress has the following 18 powers and only the following powers: To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts, and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;  To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;  To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;  To establish a uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;  To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;  To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;  To establish Post Offices and post Roads;  To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;To constitute Tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court;  To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;  To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;  To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;  To provide and maintain a Navy;  To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;  To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;  To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;  To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such Dis trict (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for  the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, Dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;—And  To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.   The Elastic Clause and the Constitutional Convention The 18th clause was added to the Constitution by the Committee on Detail without any previous discussion at all, and it was not the subject of debate in Committee, either. That was because the original intent and wording of the Section was not to enumerate Congresss powers at all, but instead to provide an open-ended grant to Congress to legislate in all cases for the general interests of the Union, and also to those to which the States are separately incompetent, or in which the harmony of the United States may be interrupted by the exercise of individual legislation. Proposed by Delaware politician Gunning Bedford, Jr. (1747–1812), that version was roundly rejected by the Committee, who instead enumerated the 17 powers and the 18th to help them get the other 17 completed. However, Clause 18 was hotly debated in the ratification stage. Opponents objected to the 18th clause saying it was evidence that the Federalists wanted unlimited and undefined powers. The Anti-Federalist delegate from New York, John Williams (1752–1806), said with alarm that it is perhaps utterly impossible fully to define this power, and whatever they judge necessary for the proper administration of the powers lodged in them, they may execute without any check or impediment. The Federalist delegate from Virginia George Nicholas (1754–1799) said the Constitution had enumerated all the powers which the general government should have but did not say how they should be exercised. The sweeping clause should only be extended to the enumerated powers. What Do Necessary and Proper Mean? In his finding over the 1819 McCulloch v. Maryland case, Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall (1755–1835) defined necessary to mean appropriate and legitimate. In the same court case, then-former U.S. president Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) interpreted that it meant essential—an enumerated power would be pointless without the proposed action. Earlier, James Madison (1731–1836) said there had to be an obvious and precise affinity between the power and any implementing law, and Alexander Hamilton (1755–1804) said that it meant any law that might be conducive to the implemented power. Notwithstanding the long-term debate over what necessary means, the Supreme Court has never found a congressional law unconstitutional because it was not necessary. However, more recently, the definition of proper was brought up in Printz v. the United States, which challenged the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (Brady Bill), which  compelled state officials to implement federal gun registration requirements. Opponents said it was not proper because it interfered with states rights to set their own laws. President Barack Obamas Affordable Care Act (signed March 23, 2010) also came under attack in National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius because it was deemed not proper. The Supreme Court was unanimous in their decision to keep the ACA but divided about whether a law could ever fail to be proper if it did not involve direct federal regulation of state governments. The First Elastic Clause Supreme Court Case Over the years, the interpretation of the elastic clause has created much debate and led to numerous court cases about whether or not Congress has overstepped its bounds by passing certain laws not expressly covered in the Constitution. The first such major Supreme Court Case to deal with this clause in the Constitution was McCulloch v. Maryland (1819). The issue at hand was whether the United States had the power to create the Second Bank of the United States, which had not been expressly enumerated in the Constitution. Further at issue was whether a state had the power to tax that bank. The Supreme Court decided unanimously for the United States: They can create a bank (in support of Clause 2), and it cant be taxed (Clause 3).   John Marshall, as the Chief Justice, wrote the majority opinion which stated that the creation of the bank was necessary to ensure that Congress had the right to tax, borrow, and regulate interstate commerce—something that was granted it in its enumerated powers—and therefore could be created. The government received this power, said Marshall, through the Necessary and Proper Clause. The court also found that individual states did not have the power to tax the national government because of Article VI of the Constitution which stated that that national government was supreme.   In the late 18th century, Thomas Jefferson had been against Hamiltons desire to create a National Bank, arguing that the only rights that had been given to Congress were those which were in fact spelled out in the Constitution. But after he became president, he used the Necessary and Proper clause to take on a huge amount of debt for the country when he decided to complete the  Louisiana Purchase, realizing that there was a pressing need to purchase the territory. The treaty including the purchase was ratified in the Senate on October 20, 1803, and it never reached the Supreme Court. The Commerce Clause Several implementations of the Commerce Clause (Clause 3) have been the target of debates over the use of the Elastic Clause. In 1935, a case for creating and enforcing a collective bargaining piece of the National Labor Relations Act was the focus of a Congressional finding that refusal to bargain collectively leads to worker strikes, which burden and obstruct interstate commerce. The 1970 Occupational Safety and Health Administration Act, as well as various civil rights acts and discrimination laws, are considered constitutional because the health and employment workplace affects interstate commerce, even if the workplace is a manufacturing plant not directly involved with interstate commerce. In the 2005 court case Gonzales v. Raich, the Supreme Court rejected Californias challenge to federal drug laws banning marijuana. Since that time, several state laws allowing the production and sale of marijuana in one form or another have been passed. The federal government still sets the rules for all the states, and that rule is marijuana is a Schedule 1 drug and therefore illegal: But as of late 2018, the federal government has chosen to not enforce their current drug policy. Other issues referring to Clause 18 include whether the federal government can hold sex offenders past the ends of their terms for the protection of the public; whether the government can charter corporations to get a project such as an interstate bridge completed; and when the federal government can take a criminal from a state court to try him or her in a federal court. Continuing Issues The Necessary and Proper clause was intended to allow Congress to decide whether, when and how to legislate for carrying into execution the powers of another branch, and at the same time intended to respect and reinforce the principle of separation of powers. Even to this day, arguments still center on the extent of the implied powers the elastic clause gives to Congress. The arguments over the role that the national government should play in creating a nationwide health care system often come back to whether or not the elastic clause includes such a move. Needless to say, this powerful clause will continue to result in debate and legal actions for many years to come.   Sources and Further Reading Barnett, Randy E. The Original Meaning of the Necessary and Proper Clause. University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 6 (2003–2004): 183–221. Print.Baude, William. State Regulation and the Necessary and Proper Clause University of Chicago Public Law Legal Theory Working Paper 507 (2014). Print.Harrison, John. Enumerated Federal Power and the Necessary and Proper Clause. Rev. of The Origins of the Necessary and Proper Clause, Gary Lawson, Geoffrey P. Miller, Robert G. Natelson, Guy I. Seidman. The University of Chicago Law Review 78.3 (2011): 1101–31. Print.Lawson, Gary, and Neil S.  Siegel. The Necessary and Proper Clause. Interactive Constitution. National Constitution Center. Web. December 1 2018.

Canagliflozin is Used for Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes...

Canagliflozin is used for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus as monotherapy or in combination therapy with other antidiabetic agents to improve glycemic control.1 It belongs to a class of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2). Canagliflozin reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen by inhibiting SGLT2 in the proximal renal tubule.1,2 SGLT2 is the main site of filtered glucose reabsorption; reduction of filtered glucose reabsorption result in increased urinary excretion of glucose, thereby reducing plasma glucose concentrations.1 Canagliflozin is given orally with the starting dose of 100 mg once daily prior to first meal of the day. The dose may increase to 300 mg once daily. However, it needs dose adjustment if eGFR is less than 60 mL/min/1.73m 2 and it is contraindicated if eGFR is less than 30 mL/min/1.73m 2. Its half-life is10-13 hours (dose dependent). The absorption is not affected by food, bind 99% to albumin. It is mainly metabolized by O-glucuronidation and minor oxidative metabolism through CYP3A4.1 Literature Search: Literature search was conducted using PubMed online database. Key words were used: canagliflozin, diabetes and A1C. The search was limited to clinical trials, 5 years, English language and humans. This search yielded 6 articles, while 4 of them were excluded because they studied the efficacy and safety of canagliflozin versus placebo. One article was included based on the efficacy of canagliflozin versus older

Auditing Report Workability and Reliability

Question: Discuss about the Auditing Report for Workability and Reliability. Answer: Introduction According to the analysis of entire financial scenarios of Lehamn brothers has been collapsed due to negeligence and ignorance of appointed auditors and it is also a potential liabilities on them rectify because it is the one of big reason behind collapse of entire economy due to financial crisis at that particular moment of time. basically financial deficiencies are measured on the basis of approvement on specific part of the financial structure for resolving the related problems which initiated at the beginning point of time (Crockett and Ali, 2015, pp.80-104). The auditors are initially faced issue while finding out difficulties to gain the confidence of the short term investors, because for long run concern, company required to reform their financial system, redevelop the regulations and securities with esurance of proper market guidelines for efficiently handle the business and economic activities. These concern products are also showing reliability concern for cooperating with the proper guidelines and collaboration between each and every monetary concern in all around the world. The financial structure of the company required to be improved and enhanced in several aspects. There are many similar business activity players in the market prefers hedging the holding funds which is not required to be bound, according to the severe system reporting within that specified period of time. It is also complex job to decide the specified price for a newly generated financial instruments, on the other hand, it is also difficult to identify the reviewing the risk related to investment activities (Dorfman and Cather, 2012). it was also raised several questions for the investors for the investment related risks. As per the study and analysis, there is an opportunity which is related to the reviewing the investment related risks and also identify the initial point, from these risks are generated. After measurement if the specified risks related to the investment activities, it will be easier for the auditors to develop the appropriate guidelines and regulations for the finan cial scheme company about to start to recovered the affect of fianncial crisis. About Financial Crisis and Auditor Liabilities: There are several guidelines which is facilitating the aim and objectives of an auditors while fulfilling their goals related to preparation of auditing and financial reports. As per the ISA 200, it is found that the primary objectives and goal of an auditor and financial reporter is to properly applied for the financial structure of a specified organization. every organization should follow the guideline which declaring that each and every audit procedures required to be followed, on the basis of professional standards and also always required to be open house policy with shareholders and stakeholders of the company after their auditing process completed (Gerrans, Faff and Hartnett, 2015, pp.165-185). As per the entire financial crisis analysis shown that auditors liability within an organization is always subject of judgement and analysis on financial statements retstated by the organization for a specific financial period of time. It is also essential for an auditor while shaping their nature, scope and auditing processes for the evaluation processes on the basis of different evidence of financial audits and related outcomes. The appointed auditors of the company required to show some professionalism for structuring the financial statements of the company by removing all manipulations and errors (Carson, Fargher and Jiang, 2013, pp.301-338). The appointed auditors of Lehman Brothers might would faced difficulties while proper identification of material misrepresentation which is actually considered higher priority, in terms of providing fair financial services to their investors in the market. The authorized auditors job responsibility within an organization like Lehman Brothers is to proper and appropriately accessing the merits and measurement which is related to the specified amount of outcomes on the procedures of the auditing as per the specific analysis of the auditors. As a auditor, the prime responsibility of an auditor is to appropriately accessing the reliability and fairness of an financial statement produces by the organization within a specified financial period. There are also identifies that auditors in the organization are sometimes not able or authorized to provide their proper point of view regarding several problematic scenarios and also faced difficulties due to maintaining the specific auditing standard in the organization. there are several inverse scenarios are also affecting the genuine and proper financial report (Holm, 2014, pp.7-26). It is also is possibility that the auditing liabilities of an auditor might be enhanced with prospective of preparation of proper statement of financial position of the company. According to the IAS 10, All the events performed after Balance sheet date mainly refers to proceeding with most positive and adverse attitude also the occurrence schedule between financial statement and declaration filling for monetary transactions. There are mainly two ways for checking the auditing process from auditors end: By providing the confirmation for the financial statement schedule as per the existing circumstances. Identification of the different scenarios by measuring the alteration in the fiscal report and its measurement accordingly. The appointed managers of the organization are following the procedures for making business decision and other regulation for initiating the financial statement and reports. This is also found that it is sometimes problematic for the auditors of the organization for identifying and representating the fair valuation of the financial report generated by the organization (Wright and Wright, 2014, pp.35-50). The appointed auditors of an organization is also liable for ensuring the quality control activities through their auditing activities. According to the IFAC stanadards, it is found that proper monitoring on any job provides quality work as per the performance of an individual auditors. Quality control is one of biggest factor in auditing process to access the proper reliability and also eliminating the risk for that particular processes. This stanadards and policies are also providing assurance for monetary auditing: Auditors are bound to complete any auditing process by signing each and every paper reviewed from their end. Authorized person is liable to provide proper signature and specific date of auditing processes. Auditors are liable to analyse the appropriate profitibility scenario of a particular firm or organization within a specific schedule. The authosied auditors are also accountable for the assessment activities by using inner control system, which is supportive to recognize the manipulative and fraud activities. the auditors are also eligible enough to recognize the higher amount of auditing ability through the help of internal control system (Clout, Chapple and Gandhi, 2013, pp.88-108). According to the international auditing standards mainly misleading and misrepresentation activities are done for the purpose of doing fraudulent activities and due to intentional or unintentional activities. The entire fraudulent activities are recognised as intentionally done for the purpose of getting more financial benefits by the illegal process and also for the unjustified events like assets theft activities, documents manipulation and also forging with financial figures of the organization and also misrepresentation of the accounting policies attended within a specified period of time. Unintensional and intentional error in auditing process are considered as mistakes which is shown in the financial statement and figures provided by the appointed auditors of the company for receiving the illegal gain from the business processes. On the other hand, sometimes it is unintentional done by an individual on mistake basis, not for the purpose of achieving anything in monetary purpose. There are several mistakes and errors related to amending wrong accounting calculations and figure indetification, which is affecting the financial statement of that organization within that specified period of time (Symeonidou and Bruneel, 2014, pp.16364-16364). As per the ISA 240 stating that, Auditors job is to judge fraud in an audit of financial reports. The financial auditors are not allowed enhance or avoid the fruadulents and misrepresentation activities. The appointed auditors of the company like Lehman Brothers are also responsible for forging or misplacement of confidential databas e outside the organization. being holding a auditors position in an organization is very difficult and full of challenges for fulfilling their responsibilities. They are also required authorities to provide the essential risk factors enclosing the several factors for future assessment. There are various types of auditing risk factors are identified and classified as a essential factors for incorporating a false financial statement and also for several unintentional mistakes arises due to misallocation of the provided assets. The main responsibilities of auditors are recognised through creating a questionnaire for monitoring the fraudulence activities and also providing appropriate assurance for the fact sheet without including any misrepresentation (Couch and Wu, 2016, pp.83-98). The appointed auditors are required to be capable enough to keep transperency and transformation to meet their responsibilities and goals. On the other hand, auditors liabilities are one of the necessary part for making proper adjustment and corrections in the released financial statement reports. Incorporation Corporate Law Economic Reform Program 9 The Corporate Law Economic reform Program (CLERP 9) was implemented in the month of October in 2003 in the parliament. However, it came into the effect on the month of July in 2004. This new additions introduced in this project have the focus on boosting the public admission requirements of the corporations (Houghton, Kend and Jubb, 2013, pp.139-160). Some of the corporate statements required to comprise to allow the shareholders to evaluate the business procedures, strategies and the financial conditions during the progression of (CLERP 9) (Carey, Monroe and Shailer, 2014, pp.370-380). Section 299A of this program listed the public corporation requirements for including annual report of the directors for the shareholders to make efficient assessment such as understanding the financial status of the business and the efficiency of the strategies implemented by the organization for the future business operations. Compulsion on the public companies for testimony on the important environmental conditions, which may have potential impact on the financial status of the organization is highly require to understand the section 299A of the program (Kuan, 2014). The environmental issues may get an high importance in the governance issues if this section is included. Some of the major environmental issues, which needs disclosure comprises are: Issues regarding the availability of the water resources Issues regarding the Greenhouse gas emissions It is essential to attend the Annual General Meetings (AGMs) for the auditors and they should turn after five years. Disclosures on several facts associated with the non-auditable services will also be needed. As per the Act, the auditor required to maintain the independence and develop annual declaration on this fact i.e., the liberty or independence was maintained. This policy is protective to the employees and the contractors who have the chance to report some sort of breaches of the Corporation Act to ASIC (Samsonova-Taddei and Humphrey, 2015, pp.55-72). It should also include the level of knowledge and experience of the secretary of the company. The administrative details of the past three years of all the company listed in this program are essential in this context. According to this regulation, the details regarding the remuneration of the secretaries, directors and the general managers of the companies should also be disclosed. The environment of the corporate governance in Australia has been changed after getting this law effective in 2004. The program is helpful for balancing the corporate behavior of the organizations. Incorporation of the Audit Firms The auditors need flexibility regarding the restructuring the business models they are used for the business operations in order to get the most effective outcomes. The law firms are able to permit the auditors for assisting the services via a corporate structure, which may beneficial for them while the liabilities are limited (Carey, Knechel and Tanewski, 2013, pp.43-53). The audit firms can incorporate as company that may lead to a healthier competition among all the audit firms in the specific area by allowing an audit by the companies. Incorporation of the audit firms as the cost associate of the company; it can be directly passed to the customers or the clients of the companies. The companies should allow the audit firms to incorporate the new strategies. However, there must be some limitations regarding this. Professional Indemnity Insurance This is about the requirement of compulsory professional indemnity insurance for the holders and candidates of CPP (Cabral and Alexander, 2014). There are some limitation in the liabilities of the affiliated members and the entity members, depending on which the amount of break is decided or limited. Some important aspects of this regulation are as follows: In this regulation the meaning of member is a holder or candidate of a CPP or Affiliated membership. The meaning of principal associated with to the practice refers to a person who is a principal of the practice, trustee, a partner or a director of the firm which is carrying out an element of a practice. Related entity refers to a business organization performing practices. Each of the members should guarantee that each of the application has a proper contract regarding the insurance regulation that fulfills the minimum requirements. Parties insured: Principals The persons who were a principal or employee Related entity The persons is or ceases or becomes to be at the time period of the insurance Certification The insurance scheme must be certified according to the Insurance Act, 1973, or an Unauthorized Foreign Insurer (UFI) where: The broker or the agent who has made the agreement of the insurance, has proper license in Australia. The UFI should have minimum rating of A from the moody, AM Best and Standard and Poor rating agencies. The contract maintains the Australian Laws. All the legal systems of the domicile country are under Australian Laws. The insurance scheme should cover all types of services offered by the insured organization. The insurance company should provide a minimum cover up period of one year on the next expiry date for a period, where a common expiry date is required for all of the insurance. The indemnity level should be $1 million in case of having lack of an personal engagement fee higher than $100000. It should not be fewer than $500000 (Jackson, 2012). A cover up cost should exist for the expenses including the costs required for investigation, legal activities and the settlement of the Insurance claims. Conclusion In this report, the details regarding the liabilities of the auditors at the time of financial crisis have been critically analyzed. Different aspects of the CLERP 9 program with the details of its implementation or development have been discussed in this report. This regulation affected the whole area of the corporate governance majorly in Australia. Another major focus of this report is on the area of the liabilities of the insurance companies. The compiled regulations required to be carried out by the insurance companies have analyzed and understood in details. Various types of requirements and regulations associated with the professional indemnity insurance scheme have been discussed which may help to understand the way of using the insurance scheme efficiently. Reference Cabral, W. and Alexander, K., 2014. Auditor Liability and Legal Lacunae in relation to Risk Modelling Assumptions and Financial Institution Accounts in the context of the Financial Crisis.University of Zurich diss. Carey, P., Knechel, W.R. and Tanewski, G., 2013. Costs and Benefits of Mandatory Auditing of Forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ profit Private and Notà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ forà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ profit Companies in Australia.Australian Accounting Review,23(1), pp.43-53. Carey, P.J., Monroe, G.S. and Shailer, G., 2014. Review of Postà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ CLERP 9 Australian Auditor Independence Research.Australian Accounting Review,24(4), pp.370-380. Couch, R. and Wu, W., 2016. The fair value option for liabilities and stock returns during the financial crisis.The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 59, pp.83-98. Crockett, M. and Ali, M.J., 2015. Auditor independence and accounting conservatism: Evidence from Australia following the corporate law economic reform program.International Journal of Accounting Information Management,23(1), pp.80-104. Dorfman, M.S. and Cather, D.A., 2012.Introduction to risk management and insurance. Pearson Higher Ed. Gerrans, P., Faff, R. and Hartnett, N., 2015. Individual financial risk tolerance and the global financial crisis.Accounting Finance,55(1), pp.165-185. Holm, C., 2014. Civil and common law influences on the Danish auditor's responsibilities in relation to fraud.Accounting History Review, 24(1), pp.7-26. Houghton, K.A., Kend, M. and Jubb, C., 2013. The CLERP 9 audit reforms: Benefits and costs through the eyes of regulators, standard setters and audit service suppliers.Abacus,49(2), pp.139-160. Clout, V., Chapple, L. and Gandhi, N., 2013. The impact of auditor independence regulations on established and emerging firms.Accounting Research Journal,26(2), pp.88-108. Jackson, R.M., 2012.Jackson Powell on Professional Liability: First Supplement to the Seventh Edition: Up to Date to Novembre 2012. Sweet Maxwell. Kuan, K.T.C., 2014. Auditor independence: an analysis of the adequacy of selected provisions in CLERP 9. Samsonova-Taddei, A. and Humphrey, C., 2015. Risk and the construction of a European audit policy agenda: The case of auditor liability.Accounting, Organizations and Society,41, pp.55-72. Su, L., 2015. Do the auditors bear the consequences of corporate failures? The case of failed New Zealand finance companies. Symeonidou, N. and Bruneel, J., 2014. Liabilities of Foreignness and New Venture Internationalization.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2014(1), pp.16364-16364. Tarr, J.A. and Mack, J., 2013. Auditor obligations in an evolving legal landscape.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,26(6), pp.1009-1026. Thomas, N.P., 2016.Professional Indemnity Claims: An Architect's Guide. Elsevier. Wright, A. and Wright, S., 2014. Modification of the Audit Report: Mitigating Investor Attribution by Disclosing the Auditor's Judgment Process.Behavioral Research in Accounting, 26(2), pp.35-50. Wu, W., Thibodeau, N. and Couch, R., 2016. An Option for Lemons? The Fair Value Option for Liabilities During the Financial Crisis.Journal of Accounting, Auditing Finance. Xu, Y., Carson, E., Fargher, N. and Jiang, L., 2013. Responses by Australian auditors to the global financial crisis.Accounting Finance,53(1), pp.301-338.

THE MERCHANT OF VENICE Essay Paper Example For Students

THE MERCHANT OF VENICE Essay Paper A monologue from the play by William ShakespeareLAUNCELOT: Certainly my conscience will serve me to run from this Jew my master. The fiend is at mine elbow and tempts me, saying to me, Gobbo, Launcelot Gobbo, good Launcelot, or good Gobbo, or good Launcelot Gobbo use your legs, take the start, run away. My conscience says, No. Take heed, honest Launcelot; take heed, honest Gobbo, or as aforesaid, honest Launcelot Gobbo do not run; scorn running with thy heels. Well, the most courageous fiend bids me pack. Fia! says the fiend; away! says the fiend. For the heavens, rouse up a brave mind, says the fiend, and run. Well, my conscience hanging about the neck of my heart says very wisely to me, My honest friend Launcelot, being an honest mans son or rather an honest womans son, for indeed my father did something smack, something grow to; he had a kind of taste Well, my conscience says, Launcelot, budge not. Budge, says the fiend. We will write a custom essay on THE MERCHANT OF VENICE Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Budge not, says my conscience. Conscience, say I, you counsel well. Fiend, say I, you counsel well. To be ruled by my conscience, I should stay with the Jew my master who, God bless the mark, is a kind of devil; and to run away from the Jew, I should be ruled by the fiend who, saving your reverence, is the devil himself. Certainly the Jew is the very devil incarnation; And in my conscience, my conscience is but a kind of hard conscience to offer to counsel me to stay with the Jew. The fiend gives the more friendly counsel. I will run, fiend; my heels are at your commandment; I will run.

Thesis Topics

Thesis Topics Thesis Topics Thesis Topics The essential part of the Master's and Doctoral students is to complete a thesis. But to find a potential thesis topic is rather difficult task. The following thesis writing tips will help you during your thesis writing. A thesis topic must grow from your own energies and interests. Start thesis writing with something you are familiar with or what you are interested, you should defined your general area of interest. Think about your hobbies, some efforts you have taken part in, etc. You also may write your thesis by means of elaborations or expansions of your successful junior papers. Before writing a thesis think about your earlier junior papers you have written in your previous courses. Finding a topic within an area of interest is more difficult. Your topic should be formulated as a question. But the questions can't be too broad, because a thesis's topic must have focus. It also doesn't mean that it should be too narrow because the goal of a good thesis is to express thoughts of g eneral importance through detailed analysis of a specific case or cases. Because the purpose of this process is to formulate provoke question, the best way to uncover topics in your area of interest is to begin posing questions. Read relative issues and literature to your topic. If your topic seems too broad, this reading will give you some ideas how to narrow your topic. If your question is too narrow, a selection of articles and books can lead you to the general concerns that relate to your interest. Parts of a Thesis Some research projects involve a practical component of experimentation, research in libraries which includes designing the methodology, then analyzing and reporting on the findings in the thesis document. Your plans would need to cover undertaking your research study, analyzing results, writing a preliminary paper on the project, doing further research with further analysis and publication, writing and submitting the thesis, and so on. These are important stages but you should also be thinking further ahead. It is important to keep in mind the final thesis structure and the time line for completing individual chapters. The presentation of thesis follows a standard order. Here is a list to help you during preparation: Preliminary material Title page Acknowledgments Dedication Table of contents Abstract or summary Glossary Preface Substantive material Introduction Literature review Other chapters Conclusion Final sections Bibliography Appendices References CUSTOM THESIS You are welcome to order custom thesis writing service at and professional writer will assist you with project completion.   We guarantee high quality and timely delivery.

Child Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Child Obesity - Essay Example Child obesity has become an epidemic extending past the United States’ borders into many other countries, particularly those with developed economies. The condition is usually caused by consuming foods rich in fats and calories, lack of exercise, genetic susceptibility, and few instances of genetic factors, medications, or illnesses. The proposed solutions for reducing childhood obesity discussed in this research paper are dieting and physical exercises. Dieting, or good nutrition, involves not only eating the recommended number of servings from all food groups, but also parents teaching children about healthy foods and ensuring the children practice what they are taught. By taking in a balanced diet, children will limit consumption of foods that contain high amounts of fats and hence reduce the likelihood of being obese. Physical exercises will result into burning of calories and hence reduce the amounts of excess fats stored in the body. If unchecked, the number of overweigh t children and adults will increase tremendously in the world. Consequently, many children growing into adulthood will be exposed to risks of developing hypertension, respiratory ailments, orthopedic problems, depression and type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes and accounts for more than 80% of all cases of diabetes in the US (Mokdad et al. 78). Its cause is mainly attributed to obesity. If childhood obesity is not adequately, many children and adolescents worldwide will suffer from obesity-related complications. Overweight children have a 70 percent chance of becoming overweight or obese as they grow into adolescent and eventually adults. This value rises to 80 percent if either one or both parents are overweight or obese. Obesity in middle or old age increases the risks of diabetes, hypertension, and general poor health, hence, it is important that it is addressed at infantile or juvenile level. Solutions to Child Obesity One of the most effective w ays of reducing obesity among all age groups is physical activities and healthy eating. By engaging in physical exercise, children will be able to eliminate excess fats in the body as they are burned through the process producing energy. Researchers have found a large correlation between physical inactivity and obesity among children. Besides, children who are physically inactive have a high likelihood of being inactive as adults, implying that persons who suffer from obesity as children may continue to be obese even as adults. Failure to engage in physical exercise leaves unused carbohydrates in the body which is subsequently converted to fats and stored in the body. The excess fats accumulate in the body and eventually lead to obesity. Children fail to exercise due to a number of reasons. Most of them spend their free time watching television, playing video games or using computers. While these activities may improve cognitive abilities of the children, they also result into non-a ctivity resulting into accumulation of fats in the body and consequently leading to obesity. Children must be encouraged to partake in physical activity at an early age to reduce their chances of being obese. On the other hand, through healthy eating, a child is able to balance the intake of various minerals in the body. Basically, healthy

THE USE AND ABUSE OF HISTORIC PRECEDENT Research Paper

THE USE AND ABUSE OF HISTORIC PRECEDENT - Research Paper Example Some of the stylistic architectural designs applied mostly in Los Angeles include but not limited to the Ancient Egypt and Japanese architecture. These styles were rampant in the olden days but as time went by, different architectures resolved into reinterpreting them into the modern ways of constructing buildings. This paper will seek to explore how stylistic period in architectural history namely Ancient Egypt and Japanese architecture has been reinterpreted in the buildings found in contemporary Los Angeles. In presenting the reinterpretation, MarYella Hotel, Roman Gardens, Church of Christ Scientist and The Getty Center buildings will be used as as a clear illustration of transformation to modern buildings in Los Angeles. The history of the period and structure of Ancient Egypt The Ancient Egypt was an architectural style used by architects to design buildings, which came to be very influential sites during and after civilization. Studies show that the Ancient Egypt style of cons truction started and ended in the years between 3050 BC and 900 BC (Nicholson and Ian 45). During this time, architects managed to develop a large and vast array of monuments that ended up being very great, famous, and influential to an extent that the following generations carried the knowledge with them. This style of architecture had a number of characteristics among those who involved themselves with it. First, the architects used two predominant materials during the construction of almost every building, which were stone and sun-baked mud bricks respectively (Roseman 51). Prospects have come to put across that, architects applied the Ancient Egypt construction style mainly because there was advent scarcity of wood. During and after the so-called Old Kingdom, architects had an obligation to reserve stone for building temples and tombs whereas use bricks in building fortresses, royal palaces, and walls of towns as well as temple precincts. In some instances, ancient Egyptians pre ferred using the Ancient Egypt style of constructions in erecting buildings due to the presence of hot and dry climate that preserved brick structures for a long time. Thus, one could point out that some of the reasons why the Egyptians resolved to build buildings using bricks, which was a major component of construction materials during the Ancient Egypt, include the prevailing climatic conditions. This is clearly illustrated in MarYella Hotel Architecture. Additionally, Roseman argues that the Ancient Egypt stylistic method of construction served as a way of aligning events astronomically (58). For example, the ancient architects who applied this style in building temples ended up recording certain events such as the equinoxes and solstices, which later provided people with the measurement and time when such an event took place. To some extent, this style had some religious significance, which appears to have been presided over by the Pharaoh himself with reference to ceremonials that signified their opening. The Japanese architecture The Japanese architecture is indeed very complex and according to architectural analysts, it had many characteristics. Traditionally, the Japanese architectural style of construction was typified by structures made of wood, slightly elevated off the ground, and thatched with roofs or tiles. Further, Roseman evidences that structures made using the

E-commerce Essay Example for Free

E-commerce Essay Introduction E-commerce means conducting business online. Selling goods, in the traditional sense, is possible to do electronically because of certain software programs that run the main functions of an e-commerce Web site, including product display, online ordering, and inventory management. The software resides on a commerce server and works in conjunction with online payment systems to process payments. Since these servers and data lines make up the backbone of the Internet, in a broad sense, e-commerce means doing business over interconnected networks. Here are a few examples of e-commerce: accepting credit cards for commercial online sales generating online advertising revenue trading stock in an online brokerage account driving information through a company via its intranet driving manufacturing and distribution through a value chain with partners on an extranet selling to consumers on a pay-per-download basis, through a Web site Globalization of production and increasing competition spurs greater business use of innovative information systems. As globalization extends its reach over cities and regions, the positions of those places within the emerging global paradigms of regional economies is changing. Only those regions and cities that can mobilize assets for local advantage would succeed. E-commerce is a burning issue of today because the global business is moving towards a virtual business world. Everything is done here virtually. The transaction is done within seconds not being present physically. People now want hassle-free shopping. They are indifferent to go to the market for purchasing the goods or taking the services. All they want one stop service. All these things can be done only with the help of e-commerce. So, the scope for the implementation of e-commerce is ever on the increase in Bangladesh. The main objective of preparing this paper is to identify the feasibility of the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh and the challenges behind it. Description: The feasibility analysis of the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh is a matter of detailed anatomy. If we want the actual scenario regarding the issue, at first, we will have to go for the analysis of both of the sides- arguments for and arguments against in detail. Here, we would like to make a comparative explanation of the feasibility to implement e-commerce in Bangladesh. Arguments For: There are several arguments for the feasibility of the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh. These are mentioned below: Cost effective: E-commerce is the process of buying and selling of goods or services over the internet. If any organization can once portrait the e-commerce based website then it has to spend the maintenance cost only. So, it can be feasible to implement e-commerce in Bangladesh. Technical know-how: Today some institutions are promoting e-commerce in Bangladesh. There are some private or public institutions providing the website development courses and some of these institutions are promoting the e-commerce based website with special importance. So, it can be possible to implement e-commerce in Bangladesh. Infra-structure: E-commerce needs a special infra-structure to be implemented or practiced. As we are moving towards the global market sharing it can be possible to implement e-commerce if we restructure or modify our existing organizational structure. M-commerce aspects: There is enough potentiality for our m-commerce sector to be developed. Especially, 3rd Generation network is coming within this November. So, if we can ensure the handsets with specification of GSM 2000+ Bandwidth then we can definitely think of the feasibility of e-commerce in Bangladesh as well. Reducing digital divide gap: The mass people are currently experiencing an acute digital divide gap. If we can ensure the digital Bangladesh through reducing this gap we can definitely plan for the implementation of e-commerce in our country. Reduced pricing: As the e-commerce involves internet marketing, the physical marketing cost is reduced considerably. So, the seller can provide the goods and services at a minimum price. So, the feasibility of implementing the e-commerce practice in Bangladesh is quite feasible. Comprehensive education system: The education system in our country is on a changing trend now the time being. Both the public and private universities are now enlisting the course related to the e-commerce sector. So, after some days we can implement e-commerce in Bangladesh as well. Transport facilities: Though we have crisis in the transport sector, the sector is highly a potential one. The present govt. of Bangladesh is planning for some projects for the development of transport sector. If it happens, the physical delivery of the goods and services will become easier according to the prior order via internet. So, in that sense, the implementation of e-commerce can be considered feasible in Bangladesh. Increasing market place: The participation of the mass people in the modern amenities is gradually increasing. As a result, the market place for the e-commerce based organization is ever on the increase. In the circumstances, the implementation of e-commerce is quite feasible. Easier transaction process: The people always want simplified lifestyle. E-commerce can make it happen. So, the implementation of e-commerce will be encouraged by most of the people. In that sense, the implication of e-commerce in Bangladesh will be encouraged. Modern payment systems: In day to day life we come across some modern payment systems like different types of cards. It is a positive sign for the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh. So, this is high time we planned for e-commerce implementation. Less complexity of cyber law: The cyber law involves comparatively less complexity in Bangladesh. So, there is respectively less implications regarding law provisions to implement e-commerce in Bangladesh. New entrepreneurship: In present times, it is observed that the percentage of the new initiators is ever on the increase. As the e-commerce implementation needs high initiatives, it is feasible to implement the e-commerce in Bangladesh. Increasing number of users: The number of internet user is increasing day by day. So, there is enough scope for the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh. Arguments Against: There are several arguments against the feasibility of the implementation of e-commerce in Bangladesh. These are mentioned below: Cost orientation: The implementation of e-commerce is cost oriented to some extent. The e-commerce demands for the high involvement of technological infra-structure. If an organization wants to implement e-commerce in the operational fields, it has to develop or modify the overall infra-structure having an alignment with technological use. In the context of Bangladesh the implementation of e-commerce is almost next to impossible as the organizations are not financially that much solvent. Lack of technical know-how: The e-commerce involves a high volume of technological use in the operational fields. The maintenance of the e-commerce systems is also the matter of high technological know-how oriented personnel involvement. But there is an unavailability of such personnel supply in Bangladesh. As it is not still a part of our traditional educational system, it will take a long time to fetch such intellectual personnel. Poor Infra-structure: If we try to implement the e-commerce in the every sphere of our day to day life, at first, we will have to develop the overall infra-structure of the country, ensure the education in the fullest sense. Other than the implementation of the e-commerce is not possible in Bangladesh. Lack of trust: In case of e-commerce, the payment of the goods is paid through credit card number or bank account number at first. Then the seller ensures the delivery of the goods or services to the buyer. But as per the context of Bangladesh, the buyer can hardly have the full faith on such types of advance payment system. So, this is also a constraint for e-commerce implementation in Bangladesh. Communication problem: The e-commerce depends on the communication process to some extent. But the communication system of Bangladesh is not that much advanced as the infrastructure of the communication system is poorly furnished. If a buyer purchases the products and waits for the physical delivery of that product it is influenced by the communication system. So, before implementing the e-commerce in Bangladesh, at first, we will have to concentrate on the development of the communication system. Digital divide gap: Bangladesh is a developing country. In this country the mass people have little access to the technological instruments rather than the poverty stricken problems. Some people here are using the modern amenities. But the majority can not have the minimum requirements. As a result, the physical divide is ever on the rise. Traditional education system: Our education system is still traditional. Here the aspects of e-commerce are hardly encouraged. The students of our country can barely research on it. So, the expansion or implementation of e-commerce seems to be impractical. Insufficient transport facilities: E-commerce commerce involves the physical transport while ensuring the physical delivery of the product. The transport facility in our country is still traditional and underdeveloped to some extent. So, we can not think of the implementation of e-commerce in our country to the date. Digital goods vs. Physical goods: E-commerce is feasible for the buying and selling of digital goods only. The features of the digital goods can be displayed in the e-commerce based websites. There is less option to test the physical goods before purchasing but in case of physical goods and the perishable goods, there is lots of scope for mismatch of the real goods and the goods displayed in the websites. So, the implementation of the e-commerce in our country totally depends on the trust of our people. Taxation: The implementation of e-commerce is encouraged in the aspect of Bangladesh but the govt. will be the ultimate repentant of the issue because the process of buying and selling of goods via internet involves lots of scope for tax escape. If e-commerce is implemented in Bangladesh the law regarding the issue is to be introduced first which is not possible over night. The govt. sector needs also to involve those personnel who have that much technical know-how to minimize the escapes. Limited market place: There is a very few people who have the access to the modern technologies and  amenities. They can hardly use internet frequently. Most of the people, here, can rarely use internet and e-commerce based websites. So, the e-commerce sector has limited market place. If e-commerce is implemented in Bangladesh, the limitations will be much more than the competitive advantages. Delivery after confirmation of payment: E-commerce emphasizes on the paid delivery. But in Bangladesh we people are not accustomed to this system. We want the products or goods to be delivered before the payment and the settlement. As a result, the psychology of our people does not support e-commerce system to some extent. We know the tradition of a nation cannot easily be transformed overnight. So, it is not feasible to implement e-commerce in a third world country like Bangladesh. Traditional payment systems: The payment system in our country is still traditional. The use of debit card or credit card or visa card is still relatively low. In fact, most of the people do not even understand the functionality of these payment methods. In this situation, the implementation of e-commerce is not only impractical but also making a castle in the air. M-commerce limitations: E-commerce is dependent on m-commerce to some extent. We cannot think of e-commerce without efficient m-commerce. But m-commerce is still not that much developed in our country. If we try to implement e-commerce in Bangladesh, at first, we will have to go for large screen mobile based m-commerce. Large screen based m-commerce can support e-commerce as the e-commerce based websites are of high resolution. But most of us cannot afford such type of large screen mobile like I-phone of Apple or HTC costing approximately 40000 taka. So, it is not feasible to think of implementing e-commerce in Bangladeshi perspective. Limited implementation of cyber law: In Bangladesh, there are law regarding the cyber crime but it is not sufficient to protect the cyber crime. Even, the provisions present, are not  thoroughly enforced. But the e-commerce system involves virtual transactions in various phases. These transactions involve high hacking risks as well. If we think about the implementation of e-commerce before introducing the proper provisions and without enforcing those provisions, it will not be that much fruitful. The parties associated with it will be in monetary risks and most of them will not get encouraged to go for e-commerce. Lack of entrepreneurship: As the e-commerce practices is of very recent times, the sector demands for new entrepreneurship. But there is no such encouraging institution in Bangladesh that can lead the new generation or new entrepreneurship to take initiative to march on this sector. Limited number of users: The e-commerce depends mostly on the proactive interaction of the buyer and the seller of the goods or services over the internet. But the number of internet user is still relatively low in our country. So, there is a question mark to the feasibility of implementing e-commerce in Bangladesh. Conclusion: The government can initiate pilot projects and programs for capability-building, training and e-commerce support services, such as Web design. In general, government initiatives should be in line with current efforts in the foregoing areas of concern. Coordination with development cooperation agencies is important to avoid any duplication of initiatives and efforts. But there are several reasons that can challenge the feasibility of the e-commerce implementation in Bangladesh. The challenges would really be hard nut to crack. The End

Computer Ergonomics In The Workplace :: Workplace Health and Safety

Business strive for high production at low cost. This would result in the highest profit for a company. To many businesses, this is only a mirage. This is because the 'low cost' of the business usually results in a 'high cost' for the employees. This high cost is lower quality workplace items, lower salaries, less benefits, etc. These costs create an upset workplace environment. Companies understand that the more efficient their workers are, the more productive their business will become. Although this will take lots of money at first, the result will be extreme success. There exist many different things in the workplace that add to stress and injuries. They range from lifting heavy boxes to typing too much on the keyboard. This paper will be focusing on the principals of ergonomics in the computer workstation. According to the Board of Certification for Professional Ergonomists (BCPE), the definition of ergonomics "is a body of knowledge about human abilities, human limitations and human characteristics that are relevant to design. Ergonomic design is the application of this body of knowledge to the design of tools, machines, systems, tasks, jobs, and environments for safe, comfortable and effective human use."(BCPE, 1993) In the average computer workstation, employees are prone to over a dozen hazards. There exist two factors that can prevent this: forming good work habits and ergonomically designed computer workstations. We will discuss these preventions throughout the paper. First, a few terms may need defining. Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI) takes place from the repeated physical movements of certain body parts which results in damage to tendons, nerves, muscles, and other soft body tissues. If these injuries are not taken care of immediately, permanent damage could be done. A few common results of RSI's that were not taken care of right away are injuries like Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Tendentious, Tenosynovitis, DeQuervain's Syndrome, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome etc. All of these are able to be prevented by the use of good working habits and ergonomic engineering.i Usually, ergonomically designing a computer workstation would cost about $1000. This expense could be eliminated by the formation of good work habits. This is essential for the safety of computer terminal employees. There exist a number of precautions that can be taken into consideration when dealing with a computer workstation. We shall discuss six of them. First, the whole body must be relaxed. The correct posture is shown in Figure 1. Notice that the arms and thighs are parallel to the floor and the feet are flat on the floor. Also notice that the wrists are not bent in any way. This is one of the most damaged parts of the body when

Demontration Speech

Demonstration Speech Outline Title: Best Mexican Guacamole Dip Specific purpose: To present you all to one of the best Guacamole recipes to of enter your life. Thesis: Guacamole is simple to make and most of all healthy. I. Introduction A. Attention materials: Did you know that Guacamole dates back to the Aztecs. They were particularly fond of it because of its high fat content. But don’t be alarmed! The avocado contains good fat you want incorporated into your body. B. Tie to the audience: Oh and the best part are its nutritional facts.For all you ladies who enjoy counting your calories. I bet it will put a smile on your face to know that this only contains around 190 calories. C. Credibility material: This Guacamole is so good, that’s every time there is a family event or party, I am expected to bring the Guacamole. I don’t even get asked anymore. I guess I just have that touch. D. Preview: There are only three very simple steps in the making of this tasty snac k. Which involve the following, 1. Mashing the Avocado. 2. Mixing the ingredients. 3. Serving itII. Body A. The first step is to gather your ingredients. You will need, 1. 2 large Avocados 2. 2 tbsps of Onions 3. 2 tbsps of Tomatoes 4. 2 tbsps of Jalapenos 5. 2 tbsps of Cilantro 6. Salt 7. Lime 8. Tortilla chips B. Your second step is to gently mash the Avocados with a fork until chunky smooth in a bowl. C. The third step involves mixing all of your ingredients in the bowl. 1. Pour 1 tablespoon of Onions into the bowl containing the mashed Avocados, and mix. 2. Pour 1 tablespoon of Tomatoes into the bowl, and mix. 3.Pour 1 tablespoon of Jalapenos into the bowl, and mix. 4. Pour 1 tablespoon of Cilantro into the bowl, and mix. 5. Sprinkle some salt into the bowl, adjust seasoning to taste. 6. Squirt ? of a lime, to prevent Avocado from turning brown. D. Serve the Guacamole with Mexican style tortilla chips, and enjoy! III. Conclusion A. Final Review: Today you learned how to make a d elicious Mexican style Guacamole following three easy steps. 1. Mash the Avocados until chunky smooth. 2. Mixing all of you ingredients into a bowl. 3. Serve it with Mexican Style Tortilla Chips. B.Tie back to the audience: Now that summer is coming, everyone is trying to get rid of those extra pounds they gained during the holidays and watch what they eat. Well, most of the ingredients in this Guacamole are vegetables. Which make us that much less guilty to enjoy it. C. Concluding remarks: So next time you have a craving for something yummy and healthy, make yourself a Mexican Style Guacamole dip. It never fails to satisfy. Work Cited: http://www. food. com/recipe/guacamole-real-authentic-mexican-guac-135048 http://guacamole-recipe. net/simple-and-quick-guacamole-recipe-with-pictures/

Pollution In Our Ocean - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2103 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/04/15 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Air Pollution Essay Pollution Essay Did you like this example? In the last ten years, there have been many changes when it comes to recycling and different types of techniques of how to properly dispose of trash. There are many different types of landfills and recycling centers. Ten years ago, when humans would dispose of something that they were done with, it went in the trash and that was the end of it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Pollution In Our Ocean" essay for you Create order On top of that, it was all filtering into the oceans and causing the animals to ingest the trash, and consequently die. I will be discussing what types of animals were affected the most during these last ten years and how we have changed how we dispose of our trash. Researchers have found ways to reuse certain materials that are in the things we dispose of. Many people are still trying to find ways that we can reduce the amount of trash we are creating by finding ways to reuse what we consider trash. The last thing that they have figured out is how to recycle our waste. The dictionary defines recycling as, to treat or process (used or waste materials) so as to make suitable for reuse, and with this process, we are slowly creating less and less waste that is being filtered into the oceans. Another thing that has become problematic within the oceans is just pollution in general. If one was to define pollution they would say, the introduction of harmful substances or products into the environment and this is not just referring to what is in our oceans. This could mean what is being released into the air we breathe, could eventually be transported to the oceans and cause harm on the species within the water. I will talk about the specifics of how exactly pollution is harmful to our oceans and the world. I will also speak on what changes we can make or continue to do to keep our oceans clean and free of any type of waste or debris. Talking about the oceans and how they have changed over the last ten years can be a very contradicting topic to talk about. Some people may agree that it has changed for the better and some will say that there has not been any changes at all. After doing extensive research on the topic I have determined that there has been a change. As humans we have always been taught to throw trash in the trash but more recently we have learned that some of our trash can be reused. By reusing some of what we believe is waste, we are save at least one animal from coming in contact with the harmful chemicals that are in plastic, aluminum, and any other substance. On top of that, some of the food we eat or the things we drink have chemicals in them that may be harmful to animals so throwing it in the trash may cause harm on an animal. In conclusion, humans should be more aware of what they are throwing in the trash and what they are sending to be recycled. We also need to understand the importance of our oceans, and just make a good habit turn into second nature, so we as mankind can continue to thrive and survive while still maintaining what resources we have. Pollution in our oceans is a problematic issue in our world today, and a topic that should be discussed. The underlying issue is that now, it is directly harming marine life and indirectly affecting human health and the Earths many valuable resources. Ocean, or marine pollution is a very vague term that refers to any and all foreign substances that enter our oceans, whether on purpose or not. There are numerous form of ocean pollution that range from dumping and oil spills to our own negligence and littering. The ocean covers 75% of our Earth, produces half of the oxygen in our atmosphere holds 97% of Earths water. This makes our ocean an obviously vital resource to our existence, it is easy to abuse, however, it is our duty as humans to educate ourselves on the matter. Its way easier to think that were all fine, until were not. This issue cannot can get any worse. It is estimated that around one hundred thousand sea mammals die annually from marine pollution. There are over 700 mil lion gallons of oil that is spilled into our ocean, annually. Most of that actually comes from our lakes rivers, only some accounted actually are from oil rigs and tanker accidents. Some small steps have been taken to resolve, such as stricter regulations on dumping. Ocean dumping is just ridding of garbage, waste, sewage, and debris, into our waters. The main source of ocean dumping is sewage sludge, which is caused by cross contamination between storm drains and sewage pipes, flooded by heavy rainfall. Farms use toxins; fertilizers, pesticides, chemicals, that contaminate water sources close (rivers, lakes), and are carried into oceans. This process is how most dead zones are created. In the Gulf of Mexico, theres a dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico, thats the size of New Jersey. Dead zones are areas in bodies of water that are low-oxygen and caused by excessive nutrient pollution from human activities coupled with other factors that deplete the oxygen required to support most marine life in bottom and near-bottom water (NOAA 2012). Dead zones, are not to be confused with garbage islands though, they both are found all around the world in our oceans, however, dead zones are smaller in scale. The Gulf of Mexico has the biggest dead zone, but is nothing in comparison to the sizes of garbage islands. Dead zones can also form naturally, while garbage islands are composed of all our garbage, and is our own fault. Dead zones that form naturally, are just very low in oxygen, too low to sustain all the life around it. This, subsequently, forces marine life in that area to either migrate, or just die. When the dead zones are formed by man, then they range larger- e.g. The Gulf of Mexico. These larger dead zones are extremely longer in duration. However in these cases, there is a steady supply of excess oxygen, which leads to extreme allege blooms. The allege will then die and sink down and its nutrients are consumed by said bacteria, as opposed to decomposing and feeding back into the environment. Garbage islands are a compilation of the worlds trash, with dead zones though, they are primarily at fault from the country that it resides in. Typically, these are usually farming coun tries. In the Pacific Ocean, there is a floating garbage patch twice the size of Texas (The Great Pacific Garbage Patch), our biggest state. We are putting our marine life and ourselves in danger, exposing ourselves to too much pollution. Most people have heard the term; garbage islands at some point or another. The image that the majority portray, however, is incorrect. The sun continues to break down plastic particles, they continue to shrink into the size of fish, that are mistaken for food. When plastic is broken down, it releases toxins, which are then absorbed by plants and microorganisms. These plants and microorganisms then become contaminated, which are consumed by larger creatures that bring the toxins straight to us. Sea animals commonly often consume the plastic, which does not digest, leading to a full sensation, in which the creatures do not eat their proper food and die, due to malnutrition or starvation. Suffocation is another big problem with the plastic, the one that most associate with the plastic rings that come with packs of drinks. he reasoning behind the garbage conjoining and mass forming is mostly caused from the fact that, most of the trash accumulated is not biodegradable. Since oceans are international waters, there is no blame on any one country or nation, with that being said, not one country or nation feels obligated to take responsibility, or take action. (National Geographic 2014). Even though, this conflict raises problems for life ranging from humans, down to microplankton. The toxins that plastics release are polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), Phthalates, and Bisphenol-A, which are very harmful to our own health. They can cause many issues, especially to pregnant women and youth. These toxins, can be the cause of problems relating to; abnormal sexual development, asthma, infertility, and premature breast development (NOAA 2018). Marine debris is accumulated, and about sixty to eighty percent is plastic pollution. Marine debris sinks into the seabed, leading to marine creatures to consume it. Sea creatures have been opened up for studies, which have determined the ingestion of plastic by sea creatures is increasing dramatically (Derraik 2002). One simple step we can take to trying to eliminate the most plastic as possible, is to handle our plastic bags with more care. Plastic bags are altering the marine habitats and polluting our food chain. Many grocery stores offer reusable bags that customers are more inclined to use, which are safer for our environment. Especially in states like California, where plastic bags are not offered for free any more in most major grocery stores. Another study that is also in the works- researchers are attempting to discover a way to revamp plastic bags to make them biodegradable and eco-friendly. A lot of us, myself included, choose plastic over paper when asked at the store. Theyre just easier and provide many purposes after its initial use, the problem is we are just disposing of them properly. There are numerous organizations who raise awareness and do their part the best they can to help. In 2007, San Francisco banned single-use plastic bags at stores. Almost 90% of all litter is plastic, we must be held more accountable for ourselves, and society as a whole to pick up our trash and properly recycle it. So the ocean covers seventy-five percent of our Earth, and holds ninety-seven percent of our water, which is undrinkable salt water, unless filtered. In the remaining three percent of Earths water, ?†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is stuck in glaciers, and ice-caps. Twenty percent of the remaining third of fresh water, is used for industrial use and irrigation (Worldometers 2018). Our oceans actually absorb our bodys carbon dioxide that is released and accounts for one hundred and twenty-eight billion dollars of the Gross Domestic Product (The Nature Conservancy 2014). The ocean provides ingredients, and nutrients found in many of our medicines. Already, our water sources are finite. So taking that into consideration, we should be doing everything we can to conserve what we have, or at the very least, prevent our abundant source from being ruined by our own doing. Plastic producers should be held at a higher standard to make a greater effort to innovate new and improved products that are safer for ou r oceans. We also need to eliminate our littering, properly recycle and dispose of waste, and just overall limit our plastic usage. Pollution is slowly tearing away at our most important natural resource. Pollution also poses negative effects on our economy as we, along with other countries, have to pay for the expenses to clean our oceans. Millions of dollars are already being spent in attempt to restore and protect affected zones (NOAA 2016). It is vital for these tasks to be complete, otherwise serious issues can arise for boats when they are transporting goods. This can also be looked at as a negative, or a con, considering all that cost for only a small area, which still doesnt 100% fix the lying issue. If measures were taken beforehand, however, the damage would cost tremendously less. That also applies to future instances and taking matters into our own hands now, while the crisis is still considered manageable. So much money, time, and effort goes into our sea life research, and still we have only discovered a mere five percent of what lies beneath the water. There are many dangers that come with researching at such high-pressure and low depths. The ocean is responsible; for supplying water, being a home to wildlife, and providing a food supply, along with other essential ingredients we use in vaccines medicine. Pollution is a never ending problem that continues to plague us and only gets worse each day. Its gotten to a point of no return, but it is never too late to try and implement change. If we all focus on being better ourselves- whether it just be civilian and picking up after ourselves, or in our related jobs, it would be tremendously easier to keep track and manage the mess we have already created. The first thing to do before anything, is to educate ourselves,